Forestry Across Africa

Country Guides

Growing zones, species by zone, spacing, rotation and market — one guide per country.

Free forestry calculators

Built because we needed them ourselves. They work for any species in any country, in metric or imperial, and nothing is stored or emailed.

• Tree Spacing Calculator — Trees per acre or hectare at any spacing, metric or imperial.
• Timber Volume Calculator — Smalian, Huber and Newton log volume, standing trees and board feet.
• Plantation Yield Calculator — Standing volume at harvest from MAI, stocking and survival.
• Carbon Calculator — Volume to tonnes of CO₂e, with every factor in the chain shown.
• Land Area Converter — Acres, hectares, square metres and square feet, both directions.
• Seedling Order & Cost Calculator — how many to order, and what establishment costs in your currency.
• All seven calculators — No sign-up, no email, no usage limit. They run in your browser.

Conservation through forestry

Planting trees is not automatically conservation, and pretending otherwise helps nobody. It counts when four conditions hold: the land was already degraded or under non-forest use, natural forest was not cleared to make room, watercourses and wetlands were left alone, and the planting genuinely relieves harvesting pressure somewhere else. Where those hold, plantations are one of the few conservation interventions that pay for themselves.

• What conservation through forestry actually means — and the four conditions that decide it
• Reforestation vs afforestation — why the distinction changes what you can claim
• Restoring degraded land — the sequence that works, in the order it has to be done
• Native species restoration — when natives matter and when they do not
• Watershed conservation — trees, water yield and what the evidence supports
• Urban forestry — city trees, the species that survive, and what they are worth
• Biodiversity offsets — how they work, and how they fail
• Soil conservation with trees — contours, hedgerows and gully stabilisation

The numbers behind every plantation

These work the same way in Lusaka, Kumasi or Kabale.

• How many trees per acre — the full chart in metric and imperial, and the formula behind it
• Tree spacing by species — what each species actually needs
• Calculating timber volume — Smalian, Huber, Newton and standing trees
• Mean annual increment — and how the MAI–CAI crossover sets rotation age
• Plantation economics — where the money goes and when it comes back
• Forest inventory — plot design, sampling intensity and what the numbers mean
• CO₂ absorbed by a tree — the real calculation, not the popular figure
• Acres and hectares — conversions, and the mistakes that cost money

Working with us from outside Uganda

Euca Eco Consults Limited has advised forestry and environmental projects since 2014 from Wakiso, Kampala. Planning and analytical work travels: species and site matching, spacing and stocking design, yield and cash-flow modelling, GIS mapping and remote-sensing land-cover analysis, inventory design, forest management plans, and ESIA and ESG documentation. Field work — ground inventory, planting supervision, site assessment — is arranged per project. If you are not sure which you need, describe the site and we will say so plainly.

Frequently asked questions